Esperal Tablet (Disulfiram)

What is Disulfiram?

Disulfiram is a medication used to treat chronic alcoholism and is available under various trade names worldwide, such as Antabuse and Dizone. Its primary purpose is to discourage alcohol consumption by causing undesirable and unpleasant effects when alcohol is ingested. Antabuse is a trade name for the medication disulfiram, which is used to treat chronic alcoholism. It works by causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed, serving as a deterrent to drinking.

Uses of Esperal Tablet (Disulfiram)

Disulfiram is prescribed to help individuals with chronic alcoholism stay away from drinking. It induces unpleasant side effects, including flushing of the face, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, weakness, blurred vision, mental confusion, sweating, choking, breathing difficulty, and anxiety, if alcohol is consumed while taking the medication. These effects begin around 10 minutes after alcohol enters the body and can last for an hour or more. It's essential to understand that Disulfiram is not a cure for alcoholism but serves as a deterrent against drinking.

How it Works

Disulfiram belongs to a group of medicines known as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors. When alcohol is consumed, it is broken down into a chemical called aldehyde through a natural process, which is further broken down by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, allowing alcohol to be eliminated from the body. Disulfiram interferes with this enzyme, leading to an increase in blood levels of aldehydes. As a result, individuals experience highly unpleasant reactions known as aldehyde syndrome when consuming alcohol. These reactions can include flushing, headache, sweating, vomiting, visual disturbances, mental confusion, and more, lasting for several hours, depending on the amount of alcohol consumed. Additionally, the person develops sensitivity to alcohol, leading to unpleasant reactions even days after stopping Disulfiram.

Disulfiram Alternatives:

For the treatment of alcoholism, there are various alternatives to disulfiram, including medications like naltrexone and acamprosate, as well as behavioral therapies and support groups.

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Disulfiram Dosage Information:

The dosage of Disulfiram will be determined by your doctor after a proper examination and may depend on factors such as age, sex, drug allergies, and the severity of the condition. Always adhere to your doctor's prescription.

Disulfiram Contraindications

• Drinking alcohol while on Disulfiram treatment can result in various severe side effects like nausea, fast heartbeats, flushing, thirst, chest pain, vertigo, or low blood pressure.
• Avoid taking Disulfiram for at least 12 hours after consuming alcohol, as its effects can still be present in the body even weeks after discontinuing the medication.
• Be cautious about using common medications and products that contain small amounts of alcohol, such as cough syrups, mouthwash, tonics, sauces, vinegar, and some food products. Check product labels carefully for alcohol content to avoid adverse reactions with Disulfiram.

Before Taking Disulfiram

Before starting Disulfiram treatment (Antabuse, Dizone), it is crucial to consult a doctor and discuss its benefits and potential side effects. Inform your doctor if you have conditions like liver or kidney disease, thyroid problems, diabetes, brain or mental disorders, epilepsy, or seizure problems. Your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or closely monitor you in these cases. If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, inform your doctor, as Disulfiram can be harmful to the unborn baby and may pass into breast milk.

How Should I Take Disulfiram?

Take Disulfiram exactly as prescribed by your doctor and do not change the dosage without their advice. Always take it with a glass of water and store the medication in a cool, dry place, away from heat and moisture, where children and pets cannot access it.

What If I Miss a Dose or Overdose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose. Taking multiple doses close together can lead to excess medication in your body, which can be dangerous. In case of an overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of coordination, numbness, tingling, or seizures. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

What Should I Avoid While Taking Disulfiram?

Avoid consuming alcohol during Disulfiram treatment and for up to 14 days after discontinuation. Even after stopping Disulfiram, its effects can still be present if alcohol is consumed. Be cautious about products containing alcohol, such as cough syrups, mouthwash, tonics, sauces, and certain foods. Also, be aware that alcoholic fumes from products like paints, thinners, and solvents can lead to adverse reactions.

Side Effects of Disulfiram

Severe liver problems, sometimes leading to death, have been observed in individuals taking Disulfiram, even without a prior history of liver disease. Allergic reactions may occur, such as skin hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Other serious side effects can include severe lethargy, dark urine, seizures, yellowing of the skin or eyes, drastic changes in appetite, severe diarrhea, or vomiting. Common and less severe side effects may include skin rash, acne, mild headache, mild drowsiness or tiredness, impotence, unpleasant metallic taste, and swollen or sore tongue. It's essential to consult a doctor if any unusual symptoms or side effects occur.

Esperal Tablet (Disulfiram) Interaction with Other Drugs

Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medicines, before starting Disulfiram (Antabuse, Dizone). Some medicines that can interact with Disulfiram include certain antidepressants, antiseizure drugs, blood thinners, and more. Always consult your doctor before starting any new medication while on Disulfiram.

Expert Advice

• Avoid alcohol during Disulfiram treatment and for up to 14 days after stopping the medication.
• Be cautious of drowsiness or tiredness as side effects; avoid driving or operating machinery if affected.
• Do not take Disulfiram if pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
• Inform your doctor about all medications, including prescription, non-prescription, and herbal products, you are or were taking before starting Disulfiram.
• Avoid alcohol-containing products, such as cough syrups, tonics, and sauces, during Disulfiram treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Esperal Tablet (Disulfiram)

Q: Is Disulfiram safe/dangerous?

A: Disulfiram is safe when used at prescribed doses and under proper medical supervision.

Q: Is Disulfiram available over-the-counter in Canada?

A: No, Disulfiram is not an over-the-counter medication. It should only be initiated and prescribed by experienced doctors in specialized clinics or hospitals.

Q: Is Disulfiram a controlled drug?

A: No, Disulfiram is not a controlled drug.

Q: Does Disulfiram work for everyone?

A: Disulfiram works for chronic alcoholics who are cooperative and willing to give up alcoholism, but its effects may vary among individuals.

Q: What does a Disulfiram-like reaction mean?

A: Disulfiram-like reaction refers to the set of symptoms experienced when alcohol is consumed while taking Disulfiram. These symptoms can be severe and may include flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and more.