Diabetes

Diabetes is a lifelong condition that is defined by a raised blood glucose level. There are basically two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Signs of diabetes include an increased sense of thirst, frequent urination, weakness, weight and muscle loss, cuts or wounds that heal slowly and blurred vision. It is important for diabetes to diagnosticate it as early as possible - if left untreated the condition will gradually get worse.

 

Causes:-
Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Scientists feel type 1 diabetes is precipitated by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.

Type 2 diabetes has several causes: genetics and lifestyle are the most important ones. A merger of these aspects can cause insulin resistance when your body doesn't use insulin as well as it should. Insulin resistance is the most common cause of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be hereditary.

 

• Symptoms:-
  Hunger and fatigue.
• Peeing more often and being thirstier.
• Dry mouth and itchy skin.
• Blurred vision.
• Slow-healing sores or cuts.
• Pain or numbness in your feet or legs. 
• Unplanned weight loss.
• Nausea and vomiting.

 
Other Type 2 Symptoms:
Slow-healing sores or cuts.

Pain or numbness in your feet or legs. 
 
Other Type 1 Symptoms:
Unplanned weight loss.

Nausea and vomiting.
 

• Prevention:-
  Get more physical activity
• Get plenty of fiber
• Go for whole grains
• Lose extra weight
• Skip fad diets and just make healthier choices
   

 

1. What are the first symptoms of being diabetic?

How are you able to advise if you've got diabetes? The most immediate symptoms are from higher-than-normal levels of glucose, a sort of sugar, in your blood.

The warning signs are often so mild that you commonly don't notice them. That's very true of type 2 diabetes. Some people don't complete they need it until they get problems from long-term damage caused by the disease.

With type 1 diabetes, the symptoms commonly happen instantly, during a matter of days or a couple of weeks. They are much more severe, too.

Early Signs of Diabetes

Both sorts of diabetes have a number of equivalent telltale warning signs.

Hunger and fatigue. Your body reorganizes the food you fret glucose that your cells use for energy. But your cells need insulin to require glucose. If your body doesn't make enough or any insulin, or if your cells refuse the insulin your body makes, the glucose can't get into them and you've got no energy. This will cause you to be hungrier and more tired than usual.
Peeing more often and being thirstier. The typical person usually has got to pee between four and 7 times in 24 hours, but people with diabetes may go tons more. Why? Normally, your body reabsorbs glucose because it passes through your kidneys. But when diabetes pushes your blood glucose up, your kidneys might not be ready to import it all back in. This causes the body to form more urine, which takes fluids. The result: you will have to travel more often. You would possibly pee out more, too. Because you're peeing such a lot, you'll get very thirsty. Once you drink more, you'll also pee more.
Dry mouth and itchy skin. Because your body is using fluids to form pee, there's less moisture for other things. You’ll get dehydrated, and your mouth may feel dry. Dry skin can generate you itchy.
Blurred vision. Changing fluid levels in your body could make the lenses in your eyes increase. They modify the shape and can’t focus.
 

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

• These tend to point out up after your glucose has been high for an extended time.
• Yeast infections. Both men and ladies with diabetes can score these. Yeast feeds on glucose, so having plenty about makes it succeed. The disease can grow in any warm, moist fold of skin, including:
• Between fingers and toes
• Under breasts
• In or around sex organs
• Slow-healing sores or cuts. Over time, high blood glucose can affect your blood flow and cause nerve damage that creates it hard for your body to heal wounds.
• Pain or numbness in your feet or legs. This is often another result of nerve damage.
   

Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

You might notice:

Unplanned weight loss. If your body can't get energy from your food, it'll start searing muscle and fat for energy instead. You’ll reduce albeit you haven't changed how you bite.
Nausea and vomiting. When your body resorts to searing fat, it makes ketones. These can build up in your blood to dangerous levels, a possibly life-threatening situation called diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketones can cause you to feel sick to your stomach.
Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

High blood glucose during pregnancy usually has no symptoms. You would possibly feel a touch thirstier than normal or need to pee more often.

 

Warning Signs of Diabetes Complications

Signs of type 2 diabetes' problem may include:

• Slow-healing sores or cuts
• Itchy skin (usually round the vaginal or groin area)
• Frequent yeast infections
• Recent weight gain
• Velvety, dark skin changes of the neck, armpit, and groin called keratosis nigricans
• Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
• Decreased vision
• Impotence or male erecticle dysfunction (ED)
• Learn about what you'll do to lower your risk of diabetes complications.

 

2. What is the main cause of diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus results mainly from a deficiency or diminished effectiveness of insulin that's normally produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. It’s characterized by high blood glucose, altered sugar, and glucose metabolism and this affects blood vessels and sources several organ damages. Causes of diabetes are often classified as consistent with the kinds of diabetes.

Type 1 DM

This results from the body's failure to supply sufficient insulin. Here the pancreatic beta cells are irreversibly damaged then they can't produce adequate insulin. This is often believed to flow from to an overactive system that rather than fighting foreign microbes activates the body’s own cells and begins to destroy the pancreatic cells.

Since type 1 diabetes has been found in both exact twins in studies, four genes are thought to be important. One (6q) determines the sensitivity of the islet cells of the pancreas to wreck. This damage might be thanks to viruses or cross-reactivity from cow's milk-induced antibodies.

In addition, associations with HLA DR3 and DR4 and islet cell antibodies around the time of diagnosis are noted. Risks of developing type 1 diabetes are similar altogether ethnic groups. This might flow from the diet during childhood or thanks to genes.

Type 2 DM

Type 2 DM results from resistance to insulin. There could also be a traditional or increased level of insulin initially. The pancreatic beta cells attempt to secrete more insulin initially to satisfy the raised demands of the body. When it fails, type 2 diabetes progress.

 

Risks for type 2 DM include excess weight and physical inactivity. All racial groups are affected but expanded prevalence in people of South Asian, African, African-Caribbean, Polynesian, Middle-Eastern, and American-Indian ancestry is noted.

Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include the history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, drug use like thiazide diuretic alongside a beta-blocker, low-fiber, high-glycaemic index diet, metabolic syndrome, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, case history, and people who have a history of a coffee birth weight.

Gestational or pregnancy-associated diabetes

Pregnant women who haven't had diabetes before may develop increased demands for insulin during pregnancy. This might not be met by a raised insulin secretion and gestational diabetes results. This affects 4 to five of all pregnant women. It’s going to precede the development of type 2 (or rarely type 1) diabetes.

Maturity onset diabetes of the young
This is a mixture of several sorts of diabetes all resulting from one genetic disease affecting the beta-cell function leading to impaired insulin secretion. There could also be slight high blood glucose at a young age. This genetic disease is typically inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner.

Secondary diabetes

Secondary diabetes occurs thanks to a disease affecting the pancreas or other endocrine organs. This accounts for 1 to twenty of all diabetics. A number of the causes of secondary diabetes include:-

Diseases of the pancreas which will affect the beta cells – this includes CF, chronic pancreatitis, after surgical removal of the pancreas or thanks to pancreas cancer.
Diseases of the hormonal system of the system – Cushing’s syndrome (affecting adrenal glands), acromegaly (affecting the pituitary gland), thyrotoxicosis (excessive activity of the thyroid gland), pheochromocytoma (affecting adrenal glands), glucagonoma (affecting glucagon producing cells of the pancreas).
Due to intake of certain drugs over future - this includes water pills or diuretics like thiazides, corticosteroids, atypical antipsychotics, protease inhibitors utilized in HIV infection.
Patients with Congenital lipodystrophy, keratosis nigricans, etc.
Those with genetic conditions like Wolfram syndrome also referred to as DIDMOAD standing for diabetes, DM, optic atrophy, and deafness. Other genetic conditions predisposing to diabetes include Friedreich's ataxia, dystrophia myotonica, hemochromatosis, glycogen storage diseases, etc.
 

3. Can diabetes be cured?

Diabetes is an incurable condition, but the person affected by it's going to enter remission. When a patient goes into remission, their body doesn't show any symptoms of diabetes once they undergo a test. Remission doesn't mean they're cured of the condition. The disease is present, it's still present within the body, but it just doesn’t show.

The remission phase is exclusive to every individual. Allow us to consider the case of an overweight or obese diabetic. The patient is analyzed with type 2 diabetes. Generally, type 2 diabetes may be a gradual process during which the body becomes unable to supply sufficient insulin, or the body’s cell becomes insulin resistant.

After making lifestyle changes and adopting routine physical activities, the patient loses weight, and therefore the blood sugar level returns to normal. Make that mean the patient is free from diabetes? During this case, normal blood sugar levels don't indicate that the patient is cured. The person still has diabetes. If the patient gives abreast of physical activities, there's a high chance that they will gain the lost weight, and their blood sugar levels are often high also.

One of the most reasons a patient cannot balance blood glucose levels is unhealthy binging. If a diabetic patient leads a lifestyle that involves unhealthy eating over the years, the condition may even worsen. Patients must take oral medication additionally to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. During a worst-case scenario, as a patient, you would possibly need to take insulin injections to stay the blood sugar levels within a healthy range.

As many lifestyle changes can assist you to manage it, to steer a healthy life, you want to practice healthy eating, follow an exercise routine, and make sure that you retain the blood sugar level in check.

Can Diabetes be cured completely With Surgical access?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that will develop at any time in your life. It results when the body attacks its pancreas’ beta cells, and therefore the body fails to supply the minimum quantity of insulin required. While getting diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is often too daunting, many of us manage the condition well, keeping the symptoms in mind.

Some people may even get to take insulin injections, which are taken into account as one of the foremost common treatments for type 1 diabetes. There’s a various range of insulin injections available which will vary consistent with how quickly the insulin works and the way long its effects last within the body. There are rapid, short, and long-acting injections that are immediately available.

People who have Type 1 diabetes may prefer to use an implantable device to manage the condition without regular injections. Consistent with an animal study published in 2016, the implantable device can help protect the pancreas’ beta cells. However, the procedure isn't a proven method, and it also includes several pros and cons. you'll need to take specific immunosuppressant drugs for the transplant also.

The drawbacks of those transplants are relatively negligible, thanks to which some people consider undergoing the procedure instead of handling the disruptive complications of diabetes. during a few cases, people that are affected by diabetes may have a kidney transplant. They’ll also get to undergo a pancreas transplant.

Are you affected by Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is another sort of diabetes that arises in women during pregnancy and resolves after childbirth. However, a pregnant woman must take medicines during her pregnancy as gestational diabetes can adversely impact the developing fetus. The matter is that medicines can have adverse effects on the unborn child also. The safest option is to consult your doctor about your gestational pregnancy, who will provide you with pregnancy-safe alternatives which will help reduce the blood glucose level. Aside from having medications, you'll also prefer to limit sugar intake and have interaction in regular exercises.

Verdict

The answer to the question ‘can diabetes be cured completely?’ has been established. Regardless of what treatment, diet, medicine or lifestyle changes you've got introduced in your life, you can't cure diabetes. Ready to you’ll only manage your blood glucose level to be able to live a healthy, risk-free life.