Hyperphosphatemia

1. What are the symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?

Hyperphosphatemia doesn't usually have apparent symptoms. It’s more likely that the symptoms of an underlying disease which will cause high phosphate levels, like uncontrolled diabetes, are spotted first.
If levels of phosphate within the blood become too high, it's going to cause mineral and bone disorders and calcification.

Mineral and bone disorders

Bones need minerals and hormones to rebuild, advance, and stay strong. The kidneys balance the quantity of phosphorus and calcium within the blood. If these are out of balance, it can draw calcium out of the bones and decline them.
Because kidneys regulation the balance of minerals and other chemicals, the chronic renal disorder can cause mineral and bone disorders. Those that have had renal failure and are having dialysis are most in danger.
This deterioration can happen over a few years, often without symptoms. But, as bones begin to urge weaker, an individual may start to feel pain in their bones or joints.
If this happens in children who have the renal disorder, it is often more serious as their bones are still developing. Children who have mineral and bone disorders might not grow to full height. The bones in their legs may bend inward or outward, which is usually referred to as renal rickets.

Calcification
Calcification happens when calcium is deposited in organs or tissues within the body. The condition can affect the veins and arteries and is understood as vascular calcification. It’s a very serious condition because the heart will got to work harder to pump blood around the body. Calcification can make dialysis harder.
High levels of phosphorus and calcium within the blood also can cause itchy skin and red eyes.

2. What causes hyperphosphatemia?

Causes

Kidney disease is that the commonest explanation for hyperphosphatemia. Healthy kidneys adjust the number of minerals within the blood, but kidneys that aren't working properly aren't always ready to do that.

There are other conditions linked with high levels of phosphate within the blood, however, including the following:

Uncontrolled diabetes: This causes high levels of blood glucose which will cause serious medical problems, like organ damage.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: A complication of diabetes that will happen if the body begins to run out of insulin. Harmful ketones build up within the body and blood glucose levels rise.

Hypoparathyroidism: A rare hormone disorder during which the body doesn't produce enough parathormone (PTH). PTH helps control the amount of phosphorus within the blood and bones.

Hypocalcemia: Low levels of calcium within the blood.
Taking a phosphate supplement also can cause hyperphosphatemia. Most of people will get quite enough phosphorus from their diet, and therefore the body is typically good at regulating levels. Nobody should take quite 250 milligrams (mg) of phosphorus supplements per day.
Processed foods often have phosphorus added to preserve them, and a diet can also consist of more phosphorus than someone needs.

Diagnosis
If someone has symptoms of hyperphosphatemia or a disease associated with the accustom, they ought to see a doctor. The doctor will ask about their medical record, discuss any symptoms, do a physical examination, and sometimes recommend a phosphate test.

Tests include:

Measuring the amount of phosphate within the liquid a part of the blood, called plasma. The doctor will insert a needle into a vein within the arm and take a little sample of blood which will be sent to a laboratory for testing.
A timed urine sample. An individual will got to collect all of their urine over a group period, which is typically 24 hours.
An X-ray could also be needed if an individual has symptoms of mineral and bone disorder. The X-ray will show any calcium deposits in organs or veins and any weakness or changes within the structure of a person’s bones.
Typically, people with renal failure have their phosphate levels commonly monitored, which suggests that hyperphosphatemia will usually be found during routine checks.

3. What is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia?

Treatment

Medication or supplements containing calcium could also be recommended for treating and preventing hyperphosphatemia.
Treatment for hyperphosphatemia will depend upon the underlying cause:
If an individual has uncontrolled diabetes, it's essential to bring this in check with diet, exercise, and a drug called insulin.
A person with the hormone disorder hypoparathyroidism may have to require a supplement. This may bring the amount of calcium and phosphate within the blood back to normal. A diet that's high in calcium and low in phosphorus can help to stay levels stable.
When renal disorder sources hyperphosphatemia, a mixture of changes to diet and drugs is typically wont to treat it. The first aim is to stop further damage to bones.
A phosphate binder may be a medication containing calcium. When crazy a meal, the drug controls the quantity of phosphorus that the body absorbs from the food.
Someone who has renal failure will often need dialysis. This is often a process to wash the blood of waste products and take away excess fluid if the kidneys aren't ready to do that. Kidney dialysis also dismisses some phosphates from the blood.

Prevention

The main thanks of preventing hyperphosphatemia are to regulate the amount of phosphate and calcium within the body. This is often usually done by eating certain foods and avoiding others.
Processed foods often consist of phosphorus as a preservative, shown by elements that have the letters PHOS together. An individual with an underlying condition linked to hyperphosphatemia might need to avoid these foods.
Certain natural foods, like peas, milk, and spread, also contain high levels of phosphorus.
For people with the renal disorder, eating a diet with the proper amount of minerals is an important part of managing the condition. This will be complicated, and a nutritionist can help to elucidate which foods to eat or avoid.