Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine)

What is Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine)?

Lamivudine & Zidovudine, also sold under the brands Combivir and Duovir among several other trade names is an antiviral medication consisting of two active ingredients Lamivudine & Zidovudine. This medication belongs to a group of HIV medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors that prevent the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.
Lamivudine & Zidovudine is prescribed for the treatment of HIV which causes the disease called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. However, this medication will not cure the body of HIV or AIDS. This medication may also be given for conditions not mentioned here.

Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine) Uses

Lamivudine is indicated as part of antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected adults and children and is also used in the treatment of Hepatitis B virus infection. Zidovudine is used in combination with other antiretroviral (ART) medicines for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Zidovudine is also indicated for use in HIV-positive pregnant (over 14 weeks) women for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission (passing of infection) and for primary preventive treatment of HIV infection in newborn infants.

How it works

Lamivudine is classified as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) medication. It works by reducing the viral load of HIV and hepatitis in the bloodstream. Additionally, it boosts the number of CD4 cells, which are crucial infection-fighting cells in the body. While it doesn't offer a complete cure for HIV, it significantly reduces the risk of acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related infections or cancers associated with HIV.

Zidovudine falls under the category of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or antiretrovirals. Its primary function is not to cure HIV infection but to inhibit the growth of the virus by targeting the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme. By doing so, it reduces the viral load in the body. Zidovudine also aids in increasing the levels of certain white blood cells, known as CD4 cells, which play a vital role in combating infections.

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Important Information about Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine)

• If you have a known allergy to Lamivudine & Zidovudine (Combivir, Duovir) or any medications containing lamivudine, zidovudine, or emtricitabine, avoid taking this antiviral or HIV drug. Additionally, do not combine this medication with other drugs containing lamivudine or zidovudine.
• Lactic acidosis, a serious condition, has been observed in some individuals taking Lamivudine & Zidovudine. If you experience initial symptoms such as muscle pain or weakness, numbness or cold sensation in the limbs, breathing difficulties, stomach pain, or nausea with vomiting, seek immediate medical attention as lactic acidosis can worsen over time and potentially be fatal.
• Lamivudine & Zidovudine can cause severe or life-threatening liver damage. Seek medical attention promptly if you notice symptoms such as severe upper stomach pain radiating to the back, nausea and vomiting, rapid heartbeat, itching, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice.
• This medication may lower your white blood cell count, which can weaken your ability to fight infections. Take precautions to avoid exposure to illness and activities that increase the risk of bleeding. If you develop signs of infection while taking Lamivudine & Zidovudine, inform your doctor immediately.
• Lamivudine is classified as an FDA pregnancy category C drug. Its effects on unborn babies are not fully known. Proper treatment during pregnancy is crucial to prevent transmitting HIV to the baby. This medication can pass into breast milk and harm a nursing baby, so it is not recommended while breastfeeding. Notify your doctor in advance about your pregnancy, plans for pregnancy, and if you are breastfeeding.
• If you have Hepatitis B, liver symptoms may persist even after stopping Lamivudine & Zidovudine, and they may be seen for months after discontinuation. Regular liver function tests may be necessary to monitor your liver health.
  
  

Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet Benefits

The benefits of Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet include:

• Viral Suppression: The combination of lamivudine and zidovudine helps reduce the viral load, which refers to the amount of HIV in the body. By suppressing viral replication, it helps slow down the progression of HIV infection and reduces the risk of complications.
• CD4 Cell Preservation: Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet can help preserve and increase CD4 cell count, which are crucial immune cells targeted by HIV. Preserving these cells helps strengthen the immune system, improving the body's ability to fight infections and diseases.
• Delayed Disease Progression: By effectively managing HIV and reducing the viral load, Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet can delay the progression of the disease. It helps individuals maintain better health, lower the risk of opportunistic infections, and improve their overall quality of life.
• Combination Therapy: Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet is often used as part of a combination therapy regimen. When combined with other antiretroviral medications, it forms a comprehensive treatment approach known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has been proven to be highly effective in managing HIV and improving long-term outcomes.
• Reduced Risk of Transmission: Proper adherence to Lamivudine + Zidovudine Tablet treatment can significantly reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others. By suppressing viral replication, it lowers the amount of HIV in bodily fluids, decreasing the chance of transmission through sexual contact or sharing needles.
  
  

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Before taking Lamivudine & Zidovudine

• Before taking Lamivudine & Zidovudine, take care of all precautions mentioned above. Discuss them with your doctor and clear all doubts that you may have about this drug.
• To be sure that Lamivudine & Zidovudine is safe for you, inform your doctor in advance if you have any of the following conditions: kidney disease, bone marrow suppression, or if you have used other HIV drugs in the past.

How should I take Lamivudine & Zidovudine?

Take Lamivudine & Zidovudine HIV/AIDS medication (Combivir, Duovir) strictly according to your doctor’s direction or according to the instructions on the medication label. Do not alter the dosage unless your doctor advises you to do so. Also, do not take this medication after the prescribed period is over. All medications come with a patient leaflet. Refer to the instructions in them for detailed information on that particular medication.
You may take Lamivudine & Zidovudine with or without food. HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of drugs. Always take the prescribed drugs as directed by your doctor. Store this medication in a cool and dry place. Always store Lamivudine & Zidovudine in a cool and dry place.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose of Lamivudine & Zidovudine, take it as soon as you remember. Don’t take the missed dose if the time to take the next dose is almost up. Taking multiple doses near each other can lead to excess medication in your body which can be harmful.

What if I overdose?

In case of an overdose of Lamivudine & Zidovudine, get emergency medical attention or call the Doctor immediately. Overdose can cause some of the side effects listed below in this guide.

Things and Activities to Avoid while Taking Lamivudine & Zidovudine

Lamivudine & Zidovudine can lower the count of white blood cells, the component of blood that helps the body to fight infections. You must take necessary precautions to avoid getting infected such as not being near sick people or avoiding activities that increase the risk of bleeding. Let your doctor know right away if you get any signs of an infection while taking this medication.
Lamivudine & Zidovudine will not help your body get rid of HIV/AIDS. It will stop the growth and multiplication of the virus. Chances of spreading HIV will still remain the same through unprotected sex, infected razors, or toothbrush. Hence, avoid these activities and things.

Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine) Side Effects

• Some common side effects of Lamivudine & Zidovudine are nausea, headache, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, or diarrhea. If any of these effects persist or deteriorate, seek medical attention right away.
• Some people may experience a deterioration of a previous medical condition as their immune system recovers, or develop new conditions due to an overactive immune system. Let your doctor know right away if you develop any new condition or if any of your existing conditions worsen.
• Lactic acidosis has been observed in some people who took Lamivudine & Zidovudine. Initial symptoms of lactic acidosis may deteriorate over time and can prove fatal. Hence you must get medical attention right away on the first signs of lactic acidosis such as muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in the limbs, breathing trouble, stomach pain, or nausea with vomiting.
• Lamivudine & Zidovudine can also cause severe or life-threatening damage to your liver or pancreas. Seek medical attention right away if you have any of the following symptoms of liver or pancreas damage: severe pain in the upper stomach which advances to the back, nausea and vomiting, fast heartbeats, itching, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice.
• The side effects mentioned above are not the only ones that you may experience or witness due to Lamivudine & Zidovudine. If you get any serious side effects due to this medication, contact your doctor right away.

Lamivudine & Zidovudine Dosing Information

Lamivudine & Zidovudine dosage may depend on a range of factors like age, sex, drug allergies, or seriousness of the condition among several other factors. Your dosage will be determined by your doctor after examining you properly. Remember to follow your doctor’s advice properly for best results.

Duovir Tablet (Lamivudine + Zidovudine) Interaction with other drugs

Inform your doctor if you use any of the following drugs: anti-viral drugs such as ganciclovir, anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin, interferons, or sulfa drugs. These drugs can potentially interact with Lamivudine & Zidovudine. However, these are not all the possible drugs that can interact with Lamivudine & Zidovudine. There may be others. You must inform your doctor in advance if you use any medicines or related products. Never start a new medicine without consulting a doctor first.

Expert advice

• Consult your doctor if you have diabetes and are using insulin.
• Patients receiving this therapy are always at a risk for infections and hence should report any such cases to the doctor.
• Consult your doctor if you take any prescription medication; Inform your doctor if you take other medicine for the treatment of HIV or hepatitis B infection, hairy cell leukemia [a type of blood cancer], or antibiotics for infection.
• Lamivudine may rarely cause a serious side effect like lactic acidosis with symptoms such as pain or weakness of muscle, numbness or feeling cold in arms or legs, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, lack of breath, aberrant heart rate, dizziness, weak or tired feeling; hence, inform the doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
• It is possible to pass on HIV when on this medication and hence it is important to take necessary precautions to prevent HIV from spreading.
• Inform your doctor if you notice signs of change in the distribution of fat (lipodystrophy), erosion of bones (osteonecrosis), or inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
• If you are on therapy it is important to use effective nonhormonal methods of contraception or condom so that a pregnancy can be avoided.
• Use with caution in pediatric patients with a history of pancreatitis or other significant risk factors for pancreatitis.

 

Frequently asked questions

Lamivudine

Q. Is lamivudine safe during pregnancy?

Lamivudine can be taken during pregnancy if the benefit outweighs the risk.

Q. Is it safe to use lamivudine during breastfeeding?

HIV-infected women should not breastfeed for the risk of passing the virus to the baby through the breast milk.

Q. Can lamivudine cure hepatitis B?

Lamivudine is used to treat hepatitis B but some patients may be resistant to this drug

Q. Can lamivudine be crushed?

Lamivudine cannot be crushed but it can be broken into two parts to give it to children. Please go by the recommendation of the doctor.

Q. Can lamivudine cause anemia?

Lamivudine may cause anemia as a side effect in some patients. Kindly consult your doctor in case any side effects are observed.
Zidovudine

Q. Is zidovudine safe during pregnancy?

Zidovudine may harm the baby. Zidovudine should only be given if there is no other alternative drug. Please follow your doctor's advice regarding its use.

Q. Is it safe to use zidovudine during breastfeeding?

Zidovudine is not safe for the baby and should not be used by women who are breastfeeding.

Q. Is zidovudine an antibiotic?

No, zidovudine is not an antibiotic; it belongs to a class of drugs called antiretrovirals.

Q. Is zidovudine a prodrug?

Yes, zidovudine is a prodrug and must be activated (by phosphorylation in lymphocytes) in the body to exert its antiviral action.

Q. Is zidovudine a protease inhibitor?

No, zidovudine is not a protease inhibitor; it is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Q. Does zidovudine cross placenta?

Zidovudine crosses the placenta and thereby reducing HIV transmission from the mother to the fetus.

Q. How much does zidovudine cost?

The price of zidovudine may vary depending upon the brand prescribed to you.
Please read the instruction on the package for the correct price of the product.